Salvia officinalis
Salvia officinalis
Other names: Šalvěj
Strongly aromatic sage leaves.
Grey-green leaves and blue flowers.
- Family
- Lamiaceae
- Plant type
- Subshrub
- Safety level (indicative)
- Caution
What the safety levels mean (expand legend)
- Generally recognised as safe. Often a common herb with reasonable harvest and use; still read the specific warnings on the card.
- Information. Primarily informational — details in the text and warnings below matter most.
- Caution. Needs extra care (dose, duration, sensitive groups, interactions).
- Risky. Significant risks — verify sources, contraindications and professional guidance.
- Not for home experimentation. Not suitable to experiment with at home without knowledge and certainty.
- High risk for internal use. Particular risk with internal use (e.g. alkaloids); avoid prolonged or irresponsible dosing.
- Not specified. Level not filled in yet — rely on individual warnings and links below.

Fotografie na Wikimedia Commons (CC BY-SA 3.0).
Plant habit
Safety — read before use
For this herb it is important to check warnings, mix-ups and cautions. Start with the Safety section.
Quick overview
A practical summary; details are in the sections below.
- Safety grade
- Caution·details
- Scientific sources on the card
- Yes — sources are listed with claims·Science section
- When and what to harvest
- Leaf — May–September
- Processing methods
Herbal infusion (tea), Inhalation, Honey macerate, Incense / smoke offering
All methods and recipes on the card- Topics and symptoms
Digestion, Focus and attention, Head tension & headaches…
Topics section · Symptoms overview
Identification and mix-ups
Elongated, wrinkled leaves.
Possible mix-ups and risks
Related sages vary—confirm the species.
Similar herbs
- Origanum vulgare
Hluchavkovité byliny v čajích a kuchyni; pozor na přesné určení druhu při sběru.
- Thymus serpyllum
Tymián a šalvěj — často spolu v bylinkové zahrádce; jiná aromata a bezpečnostní témata.
- Mentha × piperita
Kuchyňské a čajové hluchavkovité byliny; máta osvěžuje, šalvěj bývá hutnější a hořčí.
Topics and symptoms
More topics are in the symptoms and topics overview.
- DigestionScientific· Preliminary or weaker scientific findingsTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Focus and attentionTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Head tension & headachesTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Menopause comfortTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Mood swingsTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Mouth and gumsTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Muscles after exertionTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Scalp & hairTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Space clearing (ritual)Spiritual· Symbolic / cultural framing
- Stuffy nose & coldsTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- TopicScientific· Preliminary or weaker scientific findingsTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
- Trauma - gentle symbolic supportTraditional· Traditional / cultural framing
Geographic occurrence
Czechia
Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)
Austria
Occasional (garden, cultivation, or fringe of the range)
Germany
Occasional (garden, cultivation, or fringe of the range)
Hungary
Occasional (garden, cultivation, or fringe of the range)
Poland
Occasional (garden, cultivation, or fringe of the range)
Slovakia
Occasional (garden, cultivation, or fringe of the range)
France
Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)
Morocco
Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)
Harvest
- LeafMay–September
léto
Region: CzechiaNotes: Harvest note (full translation pending): Nat/list pred plnym odkvetenim.
Storage
- Drying(Leaf)
Sušený rostlinný materiál uchovávej v uzavřené nádobě.
- Light:
- Mimo přímé UV.
- Moisture:
- Nízká relativní vlhkost.
Processing methods on this herb card
Infusion or brief extraction in hot water; usually without long boiling.
Full method description (from the catalogue)
In the narrow sense, “tea” often means an infusion: you pour water just off the boil over the dried plant matter and let it steep for a few minutes. Temperature, steep time, and the herb-to-water ratio change both flavour and what dissolves into the liquid.
Compared with a decoction, heat exposure is shorter and gentler; tender leaves and flowers are often better as an infusion than with prolonged simmering. For each herb, always follow the plant card for suitable plant part, preparation, and safety notes — general rules never replace species-level judgement.
Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no
Procedure (recipe)
Common sage leaf tea
About 8 min · Difficulty: Beginner
Extraction parameters (rough guide): 250 ml water · 90–100 °C · 5–10 min steep
- Add 1 teaspoon of dried leaf (or a smaller amount if fresh) to a cup.
- Pour 200–250 ml of water just below boiling, then cover.
- Steep 5–7 minutes and strain. Bitterness increases with time — shorter steeping is usually milder.
Sage contains thujone — do not overdo amount or frequency; discuss pregnancy and lactation with a qualified source.
Why this way (extraction / behaviour of constituents)
The HMPC monograph on sage leaf covers traditional indications in preparations including teas; a home infusion does not have thujone content or extraction ratios controlled like the monograph. Short steeping limits excessive bitterness and very strong extracts.
- What is typically released
- Silice a fenolové kyseliny — variabilně podle řezu.
- Solvent / water
- Voda.
- After preparation
- Čerstvě.
Extra literature for the recipe
- EMA HMPC — Salvia officinalis, folium (rev. 1)Opatrnost u tujonu v dokumentu vs. domácí šálek.
Breathing steam from a herbal infusion; mind temperature and irritants.
Full method description (from the catalogue)
Steam inhalation brings moisture and dissolved volatiles toward upper-airway mucosa. Temperature must be safe — distance above the bowl or a dedicated inhaler reduces scald risk.
Keep first sessions short; stop if dizzy.
Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no
Procedure (recipe)
Steam inhalation over sage
About 15 min · Difficulty: Beginner
- Add 1–2 tsp dried leaf to 500–750 ml boiling water in a pot, cover for about 2 minutes.
- Lean over the pot, tent with a towel, and breathe gently through the nose for 5–8 minutes (not for unsupervised children).
- Avoid overly hot steam — protect mucous membranes; rest in warmth afterwards.
Sage contains thujone — not for frequent long internal use; inhalation is short-term. Asthma — ask a doctor.
Why this way (extraction / behaviour of constituents)
Home preparation following this recipe is mainly educational and cultural; it should not be assumed to match the extractive or safety profile of registered medicines or standardized extracts. Check specific effects, drug interactions, and contraindications on the herb card and with your clinician if you use prescription drugs.
- What is typically released
- orientační domácí extrakce — profil závisí na teplotě, čase řezu a poměrech
- Solvent / water
- mediální složení (voda, alkohol, olej, med…) viz jednotlivé kroky
- After preparation
- po přípravě uchovávej hygienicky a podle typu výrobku (chlad, světlo, alkohol)
Extra literature for the recipe
- Vyhledávání studií (PubMed apod.)Konkrétní vědecká tvrzení ověř na kartě byliny a v primární literatuře.
Macerating plant material in honey (a honey conserve).
Full method description (from the catalogue)
Honey as a maceration medium creates a viscous mixture with its own biochemistry: water activity, acidity, and enzymes influence shelf life and flavour. Traditionally it is used with delicate flowers or herbs when you want aroma bound into honey.
Infant botulism guidance for honey and honey safety in general sit outside a single herb page; maceration time, ratios, and storage must follow a vetted recipe and source, not this general overview alone.
Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no
Procedure (recipe)
Garden sage honey
About 30 min · Difficulty: Beginner
- Fill about one quarter of the jar with dried leaf — sage is strong; a little goes far.
- Cover with honey, close, and macerate about two weeks, then strain.
- Use sparingly in tea; do not push thujone intake.
Thujone — not for long daily use; pregnancy and lactation need a professional source.
Why this way (extraction / behaviour of constituents)
Home preparation following this recipe is mainly educational and cultural; it should not be assumed to match the extractive or safety profile of registered medicines or standardized extracts. Check specific effects, drug interactions, and contraindications on the herb card and with your clinician if you use prescription drugs.
- What is typically released
- orientační domácí extrakce — profil závisí na teplotě, čase řezu a poměrech
- Solvent / water
- mediální složení (voda, alkohol, olej, med…) viz jednotlivé kroky
- After preparation
- po přípravě uchovávej hygienicky a podle typu výrobku (chlad, světlo, alkohol)
Extra literature for the recipe
- Vyhledávání studií (PubMed apod.)Konkrétní vědecká tvrzení ověř na kartě byliny a v primární literatuře.
Burning or heating aromatic plant material (smoke, steam).
Full method description (from the catalogue)
Incense may be dried herb, resin blends, or preparations on charcoal. The effect is sensory and cultural; smoke can irritate airways in sensitive people.
Ventilate the space; use non-flammable bases and heat-safe vessels.
Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no
Procedure (recipe)
Dried sage for incense
About 15 min · Difficulty: Beginner
- Dry leaves slowly in a thin layer.
- On glowing coals or an incense dish add a pinch — strong smoke; ventilate.
- Heavy incense use in pregnancy — seek guidance before use.
Why this way (extraction / behaviour of constituents)
Home preparation following this recipe is mainly educational and cultural; it should not be assumed to match the extractive or safety profile of registered medicines or standardized extracts. Check specific effects, drug interactions, and contraindications on the herb card and with your clinician if you use prescription drugs.
- What is typically released
- orientační domácí extrakce — profil závisí na teplotě, čase řezu a poměrech
- Solvent / water
- mediální složení (voda, alkohol, olej, med…) viz jednotlivé kroky
- After preparation
- po přípravě uchovávej hygienicky a podle typu výrobku (chlad, světlo, alkohol)
Extra literature for the recipe
- Vyhledávání studií (PubMed apod.)Konkrétní vědecká tvrzení ověř na kartě byliny a v primární literatuře.
Traditional / spiritual use
Kept separate from science — entries are cultural or symbolic, not medical advice.
Related guides in the library
Clipped sage and a strong Mediterranean shrub
General
Traditional useFolk useHerbal loreGarden sage is tied to Mediterranean beds, kitchens, and a bold shrub silhouette. A neatly trimmed hedge pairs with care-for-home imagery — not with medical promises from ornament alone.
- Form:
- čaj, kuchyně, kouření listu v minulosti
- Claim strength:
- Tradition
- Source note:
- Historical and kitchen layers — not treatment instructions.
Scientific notes
Each claim lists a study type and a source (URL or DOI) where available. Dose notes from the literature are informational only.
How to read evidence strength and study type labels
Labels summarise how the catalogue entry is tagged — they are not a medical verdict on efficacy. For every row, read the summary, limitations and source link.
Evidence strength
- Evidence level not specified
- The author did not grade the record; judge from the summary, limitations and source link.
- Narrative / orientational literature
- Descriptive or expert literature without controlled group comparison — context rather than proof of effect.
- Weak evidence
- Study or conclusion with major methodological limits; treat only as a pointer for further reading.
- Preliminary findings
- First or smaller studies — interesting direction, not the final word on efficacy or safety.
- Moderate strength of evidence
- Moderate strength by study design; sample and context limits still apply.
- Stronger evidence
- Stronger design or consistency of results within the study’s stated limits.
- Review article
- A review summarises multiple sources; quality depends on review method and field.
Study type
- Narrative / expert text
- Expert text or overview without a classical study design.
- In vitro study
- Cell culture or test-tube experiment — does not show an effect in the body.
- Animal study
- Animal model — transfer to humans is not automatic.
- Observational study
- Observing groups without random treatment assignment; confounding is possible.
- Clinical trial
- Human clinical trial; sample size and control group matter.
- Randomised controlled trial
- Randomised controlled trials are among the stronger designs when well conducted.
- Review study
- A review aggregates multiple papers — quality depends on selection rules.
- Systematic review
- Systematic review with explicit search and selection methodology.
- Meta-analysis
- Statistical pooling of studies; outcome depends on input data and heterogeneity.
- Regulatory assessment / monograph (EMA, WHO…)
- Regulatory body summary for a herbal product — different context from a single RCT; often about products, not home tea.
- Expert monograph (herbal preparations)
- Structured literature summary for a plant or drug — quality depends on author and edition year.
Salvia officinalis thujone-related convulsant risk is documented at high extract exposure; culinary sage intake is generally far lower than experimental boluses.
Evidence level not specifiedNarrative / expert textLimitations: Pregnancy and epilepsy precautions for concentrated extracts; seizure threshold interactions in case literature.
Evidence summary (full translation pending): EMA HMPC pro list salveje popisuje tradicni oralni formy vcetne caje; domaci nalev nema standardizovanou silu.
Review articleRegulatory assessment / monograph (EMA, WHO…)Year: 2017Preparation form in the study: infusion
Active compound / focus: terpeny, fenolové kyseliny (dle dokumentu)
Limitations: Limitations (translation pending): Tujon a souvisejici limity v dokumentu se netykaji primo kuchynskeho salku, princip opatrnosti plati.
Dose note (from literature): Dosage notes (translation pending): Viz PDF k pripravkum.
EMA Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC) — European Medicines Agency
EMA: Final assessment report on Salvia officinalis L., folium and aetheroleum (revision 1)
Images
The main photo is in the card header. More images will appear here when available.
Safety
What the warning types mean
The type on each warning helps group themes — it does not replace the separate severity badge.
- Internal use
- Risks from swallowing, extracts, duration of use or concentration for internal use.
- Interactions / medicines
- Possible effect on medicines or concurrent treatment — check sources and a professional.
- Raw plant parts
- Raw, unripe or poorly prepared plant parts can be dangerous.
- Toxins and regulation
- Toxic constituents or regulated compounds (e.g. in distillates).
- Contact with the plant
- Skin or mucosa irritation from contact with fresh plant or sap.
- Allergy
- Allergic reactions, often linked to family sensitisation.
- Harvesting and contamination
- Contamination, species mix-ups or harvesting from unsuitable places.
No structured safety records yet.