Skip to content
← Back to herbs

Tilia cordata

Tilia cordata

Linden honey plant; flowers for tea.

Heart-shaped leaves and fragrant flowers.

Family
Malvaceae
Plant type
Tree
Safety level (indicative)
Generally recognised as safe
What the safety levels mean (expand legend)
  • Generally recognised as safe. Often a common herb with reasonable harvest and use; still read the specific warnings on the card.
  • Information. Primarily informational — details in the text and warnings below matter most.
  • Caution. Needs extra care (dose, duration, sensitive groups, interactions).
  • Risky. Significant risks — verify sources, contraindications and professional guidance.
  • Not for home experimentation. Not suitable to experiment with at home without knowledge and certainty.
  • High risk for internal use. Particular risk with internal use (e.g. alkaloids); avoid prolonged or irresponsible dosing.
  • Not specified. Level not filled in yet — rely on individual warnings and links below.
Tilia cordata — plant habitus (Wikimedia Commons).

Photograph on Wikimedia Commons (CC BY 3.0).

Plant habit

Quick overview

A practical summary; details are in the sections below.

Safety grade
Generally recognised as safe·details
Scientific sources on the card
Yes — sources are listed with claims·Science section
When and what to harvest
  • Flower — May–June
Full harvest section
Processing methods

Herbal infusion (tea), Syrup, Honey macerate, Cold maceration

All methods and recipes on the card
Topics and symptoms

Anxiety & inner restlessness, Breathing comfort, Circulation comfort (folk)

Topics section · Symptoms overview

Identification and mix-ups

Deciduous tree with alternate, broadly cordate leaves with an asymmetric cordate base, serrate margins, and green undersides bearing tufts of rusty-brown hairs in vein axils. Leaves typically 4-8 cm, smaller than broad-leaved lime. Fragrant yellowish-white flowers in loose cymes (5-11 flowers) arising from a pale green bract fused along its lower half to the peduncle. Fruits rounded, thin-walled, without conspicuous ribs.

Possible mix-ups and risks

Most commonly confused with large-leaved lime (Tilia platyphyllos), which has larger leaves (7-14 cm) with more densely hairy undersides (white hair tufts in vein axils), smaller cymes with only 2-5 flowers, and fruits with distinct ribs. Both species are medicinally usable and both are covered by the same EMA HMPC monograph (Tiliae flos). The hybrid common lime (Tilia x vulgaris, T. cordata x T. platyphyllos) shows intermediate characters.

Similar herbs

  • Sambucus nigra

    Spring and summer flower teas from woody plants; with elder, distinguish flower, leaf and ripe fruit by their safety profile.

Topics and symptoms

More topics are in the symptoms and topics overview.

Sources

Geographic occurrence

  • Czechia

    Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)

    Widespread occurrence in the Czech Republic in suitable habitats.

  • Austria

    Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)

    Wave 1 (seed): broad range in Central Europe — verify with floras and national checklists.

  • Germany

    Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)

    Wave 1 (seed): broad range in Central Europe — verify with floras and national checklists.

  • Hungary

    Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)

    Wave 1 (seed): broad range in Central Europe — verify with floras and national checklists.

  • Poland

    Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)

    Wave 1 (seed): broad range in Central Europe — verify with floras and national checklists.

  • Slovakia

    Common (expected wild occurrence in the region)

    Wave 1 (seed): broad range in Central Europe — verify with floras and national checklists.

Harvest

  • FlowerMay–June

    jaro

    Region: Czechia

    Notes: Inflorescence.

Storage

  • Drying(Leaf)

    Keep dried plant material in a sealed container.

    Light:
    Out of direct UV.
    Moisture:
    Low relative humidity.

Processing methods on this herb card

  • Herbal infusion (tea)(Flower)Suitability: High suitability

    Infusion or brief extraction in hot water; usually without long boiling.

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    In the narrow sense, “tea” often means an infusion: you pour water just off the boil over the dried plant matter and let it steep for a few minutes. Temperature, steep time, and the herb-to-water ratio change both flavour and what dissolves into the liquid.

    Compared with a decoction, heat exposure is shorter and gentler; tender leaves and flowers are often better as an infusion than with prolonged simmering. For each herb, always follow the plant card for suitable plant part, preparation, and safety notes — general rules never replace species-level judgement.

    Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no

    Small-leaved lime flower tea

    About 10 minBeginnerScience profile

    Open recipe →

  • Syrup(Flower)Suitability: High suitability

    Decoction or infusion with sweetener and reduction; shelf life depends on sugar and storage.

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    Syrups combine a herbal base with sugar or honey and often a short boil to concentrate and improve hygiene. Preservation depends strongly on water content, sugar level, and bottling practice.

    Home syrups may fall under food rules; store in the fridge after opening per recipe.

    Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no

    Small-leaved lime flower syrup

    About 40 minBeginnerScience profile

    Open recipe →

  • Honey macerate(Flower)Suitability: High suitability

    Macerating plant material in honey (a honey conserve).

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    Honey as a maceration medium creates a viscous mixture with its own biochemistry: water activity, acidity, and enzymes influence shelf life and flavour. Traditionally it is used with delicate flowers or herbs when you want aroma bound into honey.

    Infant botulism guidance for honey and honey safety in general sit outside a single herb page; maceration time, ratios, and storage must follow a vetted recipe and source, not this general overview alone.

    Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no

    Small-leaved lime flower honey

    About 30 minBeginnerScience profile

    Open recipe →

  • Cold maceration(Flower)Suitability: High suitability

    Long steeping in cold or lukewarm water without boiling; gentler than a decoction.

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    Cold maceration lets plant matter sit in liquid for hours to days at fridge or room temperature depending on the recipe. Extraction is slower and different from a hot infusion — useful for some aromatic parts when you want to limit bitterness or tannins.

    Always mind jar hygiene, herb-to-water ratio, and maximum storage time for the finished macerate; the exact procedure belongs on the herb card and in trusted references.

    Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no

    Cold infusion of linden flowers

    About 25 minBeginnerScience profile

    Open recipe →

Traditional / spiritual use

Kept separate from science — entries are cultural or symbolic, not medical advice.

  • Village square shade and June linden blossom

    General

    Traditional useFolk useHerbal lore

    Small-leaved linden marks Czech squares, shade, and June flowering. Linden flower tea belongs to the summer image of home — culturally strong, medically always individual.

    Form:
    čaj z květů
    Claim strength:
    Tradition
    Source note:
    Urban and village green — cultural memory.

Scientific notes

Each claim lists a study type and a source (URL or DOI) where available. Dose notes from the literature are informational only.

How to read evidence strength and study type labels

Labels summarise how the catalogue entry is tagged — they are not a medical verdict on efficacy. For every row, read the summary, limitations and source link.

Evidence strength

Evidence level not specified
The author did not grade the record; judge from the summary, limitations and source link.
Narrative / orientational literature
Descriptive or expert literature without controlled group comparison — context rather than proof of effect.
Weak evidence
Study or conclusion with major methodological limits; treat only as a pointer for further reading.
Preliminary findings
First or smaller studies — interesting direction, not the final word on efficacy or safety.
Moderate strength of evidence
Moderate strength by study design; sample and context limits still apply.
Stronger evidence
Stronger design or consistency of results within the study's stated limits.
Review article
A review summarises multiple sources; quality depends on review method and field.

Study type

Narrative / expert text
Expert text or overview without a classical study design.
In vitro study
Cell culture or test-tube experiment — does not show an effect in the body.
Animal study
Animal model — transfer to humans is not automatic.
Observational study
Observing groups without random treatment assignment; confounding is possible.
Clinical trial
Human clinical trial; sample size and control group matter.
Randomised controlled trial
Randomised controlled trials are among the stronger designs when well conducted.
Review study
A review aggregates multiple papers — quality depends on selection rules.
Systematic review
Systematic review with explicit search and selection methodology.
Meta-analysis
Statistical pooling of studies; outcome depends on input data and heterogeneity.
Regulatory assessment / monograph (EMA, WHO…)
Regulatory body summary for a herbal product — different context from a single RCT; often about products, not home tea.
Expert monograph (herbal preparations)
Structured literature summary for a plant or drug — quality depends on author and edition year.
  • Linden flower infusions are described in European phytotherapy references for common-cold symptom support; evidence mixes weak trials with traditional use frameworks.

    Evidence level not specifiedNarrative / expert text

    Limitations: Cardiac rhythm case reports with excessive consumption; allergy possible; not all Tilia species are documented equally.

    Reference into the scientific literature (orientation)

  • The EMA HMPC monograph for linden flower lists traditional use as a herbal tea; the documentation refers to defined preparations.

    Review articleRegulatory assessment / monograph (EMA, WHO…)Year: 2012

    Preparation form in the study: infusion

    Active compound / focus: flavonoids, tannins (per the document)

    Limitations: Home ratios and the quality of the dried flower change both flavor and the extraction profile.

    Dose note (from literature): See the PDF for the preparations referenced in the document.

    EMA Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (HMPC)European Medicines Agency

    EMA: Final assessment report on Tilia cordata / platyphyllos / vulgaris, flos

Images

The main photo is in the card header. More images will appear here when available.

Safety

What the warning types mean

The type on each warning helps group themes — it does not replace the separate severity badge.

Internal use
Risks from swallowing, extracts, duration of use or concentration for internal use.
Interactions / medicines
Possible effect on medicines or concurrent treatment — check sources and a professional.
Raw plant parts
Raw, unripe or poorly prepared plant parts can be dangerous.
Toxins and regulation
Toxic constituents or regulated compounds (e.g. in distillates).
Contact with the plant
Skin or mucosa irritation from contact with fresh plant or sap.
Allergy
Allergic reactions, often linked to family sensitisation.
Harvesting and contamination
Contamination, species mix-ups or harvesting from unsuitable places.

No structured safety records yet.