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Salvia fruticosa

Greek sage

Generally recognised as safe

Other names: Three-lobed sage, Salvia triloba

An eastern Mediterranean sage; the aromatic leaves are the Greek 'faskomilo'.

An evergreen subshrub with grey-felted leaves and showy purple flowers; in Greece and Cyprus the leaves are dried as the traditional 'faskomilo' tea, with notes of sage and eucalyptus.

Family
Lamiaceae
Plant type
Evergreen subshrub
What the safety levels mean (expand legend)
  • Generally recognised as safe. Often a common herb with reasonable harvest and use; still read the specific warnings on the card.
  • Information. Primarily informational — details in the text and warnings below matter most.
  • Caution. Needs extra care (dose, duration, sensitive groups, interactions).
  • Risky. Significant risks — verify sources, contraindications and professional guidance.
  • Not for home experimentation. Not suitable to experiment with at home without knowledge and certainty.
  • High risk for internal use. Particular risk with internal use (e.g. alkaloids); avoid prolonged or irresponsible dosing.
  • Not specified. Level not filled in yet — rely on individual warnings and links below.
Greek sage — plant habitus (Wikimedia Commons).

Photograph on Wikimedia Commons (Attribution).

Plant habit

Quick overview

A practical summary; details are in the sections below.

Safety grade
Generally recognised as safe details
Scientific sources on the card
Yes — sources are listed with claims Science section
When and what to harvest
  • Leaf — May–June
Full harvest section
Processing methods

Herbal infusion (tea), Culinary use, Honey macerate, Essential oil

All methods and recipes on the card
Topics and symptoms

Breathing comfort, Common cold — overall comfort, Digestion…

Topics section, Symptoms overview

Identification and mix-ups

Evergreen aromatic shrub in Lamiaceae. Leaves grey-green, usually THREE-LOBED (a pair of small basal lobes beside a larger central blade), white-woolly, though leaf form varies regionally from entire to deeply three-lobed; stems square. Flowers pinkish-purple to lilac, two-lipped, in whorls. Essential oil dominated by 1,8-cineole (low thujone).

Possible mix-ups and risks

The main confusion is with common sage (Salvia officinalis), told apart by its entire (unlobed) leaves versus the three-lobed leaves of Greek sage, and by chemistry — S. officinalis oil is high in alpha/beta-thujone (up to ~65%) and camphor, whereas S. fruticosa is dominated by 1,8-cineole. S. officinalis is culinary and not acutely toxic, but its higher thujone content matters at high/medicinal doses. So this is mainly a chemotype/labelling distinction.

Similar herbs

  • Common sage

    Greek sage often has three-lobed, woollier leaves and an oil dominated by 1,8-cineole; common sage has entire leaves and more thujone. Greek sage is therefore better suited to daily tea, while common sage has an EMA monograph and more clinical data.

Topics and symptoms

More topics are in the symptoms and topics overview.

Sources

Geographic occurrence

No occurrence data yet.

Harvest

  • LeafMay–June

    spring

    Region: Greece

    Notes: Grey-felted leaves during flowering; quick shade drying preserves the essential oil.

Storage

  • Drying(Leaf)

    Dried leaves keep a year in an airtight jar, whole stems in bundles in the dark; the eucalyptus-camphor scent fades after a year.

    Light:
    Out of light.
    Moisture:
    The woolly leaves take up moisture; store dry.

Processing methods on this herb card

  • Herbal infusion (tea)(Leaf)Suitability: High suitability

    Infusion or brief extraction in hot water; usually without long boiling.

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    Here, herbal tea is prepared as an infusion: pour freshly boiling water over dried herbs or a herbal blend and steep for at least 5 minutes. BfR gives this as a hygiene rule, not a medicinal dose. Follow the specific product instructions, including a longer steeping time when stated. This rule for herbal infusions is not a general preparation guide for true tea (Camellia sinensis). Temperature, steep time, and the herb-to-water ratio change both flavour and what dissolves into the liquid.

    Compared with a decoction, heat exposure is shorter and gentler; tender leaves and flowers are often better as an infusion than with prolonged simmering. For each herb, always follow the plant card for suitable plant part, preparation, and safety notes — general rules never replace species-level judgement.

    Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no

    Faskomilo — Greek sage tea

    About 10 minBeginnerScience profile

    Open recipe →

  • Culinary use(Leaf)Suitability: Medium suitability

    Cooking, baking, seasoning as food — general category without therapeutic claims.

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    Culinary use covers herbs as ingredients in dishes, drinks, or spice mixes. This overview does not evaluate medicinal effects — only reminds you about species intent, allergies, and heat treatment where needed (e.g. some fruits or plant parts).

    Combining with alcohol, sugar, or long cooking changes outcomes; verify culinary sources.

    Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no

  • Honey macerate(Leaf)Suitability: Medium suitability

    Macerating plant material in honey (a honey conserve).

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    Honey as a maceration medium creates a viscous mixture with its own biochemistry: water activity, acidity, and enzymes influence shelf life and flavour. Traditionally it is used with delicate flowers or herbs when you want aroma bound into honey.

    Infant botulism guidance for honey and honey safety in general sit outside a single herb page; maceration time, ratios, and storage must follow a vetted recipe and source, not this general overview alone.

    Traditional context for this method: yes·Scientific context for this method: no

  • Essential oil(Leaf)Suitability: Low suitability

    A concentrated aromatic plant product; use depends on the specific product.

    Full method description (from the catalogue)

    Essential oil is a concentrated plant product obtained, for example, by steam distillation or pressing. A general drop count or dilution ratio does not establish safe use.

    Choose a finished product intended for your purpose and follow its directions. Do not apply it to skin or swallow it unless the manufacturer explicitly allows that use. This overview is not a recipe for home dilution.

    Traditional context for this method: no·Scientific context for this method: no

    Greek sage oil is distilled industrially (Turkey, Greece) and contains 1,8-cineole and camphor; do not take internally, dilute on the skin.

Traditional / spiritual use

Kept separate from science — entries are cultural or symbolic, not medical advice.

  • Faskomilo — the sage Greeks drink instead of coffee

    General

    Traditional useFolk useHerbal lore

    Greek sage grows wild on the stony slopes of the Peloponnese, Crete and the islands, and its tea, faskomilo, is the Greek household answer to colds, sore throats and a heavy stomach; it is gathered in flower and dried in bundles. Ancient Greek sources honoured sage as a herb of long life, and a medieval proverb asked why a man should die who has sage growing in his garden. Sage honey from Crete and Kythira ranks among the most prized Greek honeys. A record of tradition.

    Form:
    faskomilo — tea of the Greek mountains; sage honey and Hippocrates
    Claim strength:
    Tradition
    Source note:
    Boukhary R et al. (2016), Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016:7178105 (introduction); Regimen sanitatis Salernitanum (the sage proverb); Greek folk tradition of faskomilo.

Scientific notes

Each claim lists a study type and a source (URL or DOI) where available. Dose notes from the literature are informational only.

How to read evidence strength and study type labels

Labels summarise how the catalogue entry is tagged — they are not a medical verdict on efficacy. For every row, read the summary, limitations and source link.

Evidence strength

Evidence level not specified
The author did not grade the record; judge from the summary, limitations and source link.
Narrative / orientational literature
Descriptive or expert literature without controlled group comparison — context rather than proof of effect.
Weak evidence
Study or conclusion with major methodological limits; treat only as a pointer for further reading.
Preliminary findings
First or smaller studies — interesting direction, not the final word on efficacy or safety.
Moderate strength of evidence
Moderate strength by study design; sample and context limits still apply.
Stronger evidence
Stronger design or consistency of results within the study's stated limits.
Review article
A review summarises multiple sources; quality depends on review method and field.

Study type

Narrative / expert text
Expert text or overview without a classical study design.
In vitro study
Cell culture or test-tube experiment — does not show an effect in the body.
Animal study
Animal model — transfer to humans is not automatic.
Observational study
Observing groups without random treatment assignment; confounding is possible.
Clinical trial
Human clinical trial; sample size and control group matter.
Randomised controlled trial
Randomised controlled trials are among the stronger designs when well conducted.
Review study
A review aggregates multiple papers — quality depends on selection rules.
Systematic review
Systematic review with explicit search and selection methodology.
Meta-analysis
Statistical pooling of studies; outcome depends on input data and heterogeneity.
Regulatory assessment / monograph (EMA, WHO…)
Regulatory body summary for a herbal product — different context from a single RCT; often about products, not home tea.
Expert monograph (herbal preparations)
Structured literature summary for a plant or drug — quality depends on author and edition year.
  • The study determined the phenolic profile of Greek sage extract (rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid, rutin, quercetin) and showed an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect in a rat oedema model; animal data, not a clinical trial.

    Preliminary findingsNarrative / expert textYear: 2016

    Limitations: Preclinical study; a journal with weaker quality control; translation to tea in humans not documented.

    Boukhary R, Raafat K, Ghoneim AI, Aboul-Ela M, El-Lakany A — Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

    Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Activities of Salvia fruticosa: An HPLC Determination of Phenolic Contents

    DOI: 10.1155/2016/7178105

Images

The main photo is in the card header. More images will appear here when available.

Safety

What the warning types mean

The type on each warning helps group themes — it does not replace the separate severity badge.

Internal use
Risks from swallowing, extracts, duration of use or concentration for internal use.
Interactions / medicines
Possible effect on medicines or concurrent treatment — check sources and a professional.
Raw plant parts
Raw, unripe or poorly prepared plant parts can be dangerous.
Toxins and regulation
Toxic constituents or regulated compounds (e.g. in distillates).
Contact with the plant
Skin or mucosa irritation from contact with fresh plant or sap.
Allergy
Allergic reactions, often linked to family sensitisation.
Harvesting and contamination
Contamination, species mix-ups or harvesting from unsuitable places.
  • Long-term use and thujoneLow severityInternal use

    Greek sage contains thujone and camphor; ordinary culinary and short-term tea use is safe, while prolonged strong infusions are not recommended.